Unlike static analysis, that also targets the identification of problematic data flows, dynamic taint analysis is conducted transparently while the application under test is executed.
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If taint tracking is utilized in security testing, the main purpose is to notify the tester that insecure data flows, that likely lead to code injection, exist. If data which still carries taint information reaches a security sensitive sink (eg, an API that converts string data into executable code), the application can react appropriately, for instance through altering, autosanitization the data or completely stopping the corresponding process. Untrusted data is outfitted with taint information on runtime, which is only cleared, if the data passes a dedicated sanitization function. To achieve this, a well established approach is (dynamic) data tainting. Such injection vulnerabilities can be regarded as information flow problems, in which unsanitized data paths from untrusted sources to security sensitive sinks have to be found. Examples for such vulnerabilities include SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting.
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A significant portion of today's security vulnerabilities are string-based code injection vulnerabilities, which enable the attacker to inject syntactic content into dynamically executed programming statements, which-in the majority of all cases-leads to full compromise of the vulnerable execution context. Alexander Pretschner, in Advances in Computers, 2016 5.3.3 Dynamic Taint AnalysisĪn important variant of black-box testing is an analysis technique called taint analysis. Injection can sometimes lead to complete host takeover. Injection can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access. Scanners and fuzzers can help attackers find injection flaws. Injection flaws are easy to discover when examining code, but frequently hard to discover via testing. They are often found in SQL, LDAP, Xpath, or NoSQL queries OS commands XML parsers, SMTP headers, program arguments, etc. Injection flaws are very prevalent, particularly in legacy code. Injection flaws occur when an application sends untrusted data to an interpreter. The result of successful code injection is often disastrous (for instance: code injection is used by some computer worms to propagate).
Injection is used by an attacker to introduce (or “inject”) code into a vulnerable computer program and change the course of execution. Rosenberg, in Rugged Embedded Systems, 2017 3.8 Code Injection AttacksĬode injection is a dangerous attack that exploits a bug caused by processing invalid data.
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